![]() Have responded by making a wide variety of lipsticks available to the consumer. Selecting lipsticks is, as with all cosmetics, an individual choice, so manufacturers The ingredients themselves range from complex organic compounds to entirely natural ingredients, the proportions of which determine the characteristics of the lipstick. Beyond the base ingredients (wax, oil, and antioxidants) supplemental material amounts vary greatly. Just as there is no standard to the lipstick size and container shape, there are no standard types of, or proportions for, ingredients used. And while every lipstick contains these components, a wide variety of other ingredients can also be included to make the substance smoother or glossy or to moisten the lips. Fragrance and pigment are also added, as are preservatives and antioxidants, which prevent lipstick from becoming rancid. Oils such as mineral, caster, lanolin, or vegetable are added to the wax. Wax enables the mixture to be formed into the easily recognized shape of the cosmetic. The wax used usually involves some combination of three types -beeswax, candelilla wax, or the more expensive camauba. The primary ingredients found in lipstick are wax, oil, alcohol, and pigment. Since the manufacture of the tube involves completely different technologies, we will focus here on the manufacture of lipstick only. The base is made up of two components, the twisting or sliding of which will push the lipstick up for application. (Lip balms are generally slightly smaller in both length and diameter.) The tube has two parts, a cover and a base. Sizes are not uniform, but generally lipstick is sold in a tube 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in length and about. ![]() The tubes that hold lipstick range from inexpensive plastic dispensers for lip balms to ornate metal for lipsticks. Lip balms, by contrast, generally retail for less than $1.00. More expensive products are available, with prices ranging up to nearly $50.00 for exclusive products. Retail prices for lipsticks are relatively low, with quality products priced at less than $4.00. Lipstick is made of dyes and pigments in a fragranced oil-wax base. Lipsticks are made to appeal to the current fashion trend and come in a wide range of colors. By 1915 push up tubes were available, and the first claims of "indelibility" were made. This combined with newfound acceptance by the general population caused widespread use and popularity to increase. Improvements in the manufacture of applicators and metal tubes reduced the cost of the cosmetic. It was not until the twentieth century that lipstick, and cosmetics in general, gained true societal acceptance. In Western society during the latter half of the nineteenth century, it was generally believed only promiscuous women wore lipstick -or makeup at all. ![]() For years, rouge was used to color both the lips and the cheeks, depending on the fashion of the times. ![]() Later, Elizabeth I and the ladies of her court colored their lips with red mercuric sulfide. In particular, the use of lip color was prevalent among the Sumerians, Egyptians, Syrians, Babylonians, Persians, and Greeks. Cosmetics can be traced back to ancient civilizations.
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